Ernest Trumpp (1828–1885) was a German missionary and linguist commissioned by the British government to translate the Adi Granth (Sikh scripture) into English in the 1870s.
His work, The Ādi Granth, or The Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs (1877), is considered highly controversial and is widely regarded by Sikhs as defamatory and destructive to the understanding of their faith rather than a direct dismantling of the religion itself.
The insults in his work were a major reason for the Singh Sabha movement in the 1890s to produce their own translations, notably by Max Arthur Macauliffe, to counteract the damage caused by Trumpp.
"A True Sikh Should Always Be Engaged In War With The Muhammadans"
(book extracts)
"He should consider only the precepts of the Guru as true and all others as false.^ The Granth is to he minded like the Guru, and the Khalsa like the Guru, as it is the visible body of the Guru, (and in consequence) the visible body of the Timeless one.* The persons, to 'whom the Guru gives authority (or a Hukm-nama), should be equally obeyed, and those, tvho set themselves up as rivals with them, should be burnt with their families.*
With regard to his family the Sikh is enjoined to dispose suitably of his daughter (or sister) and not to take any money for her hand.^ The killing of daughters is strictly forbidden.
Among the moral duties truthfulness and kindness to the poor are especially inculcated ; falsehood, dealing fraudulently, stealing, slandering and fornication, are branded as deadly sins. A Sikh should earnestly strive to subdue the five passions : lust (oTTH)) wrath (^IT), greediness (^T^),
infatuation (HH), and pride (O^Td)-
The injunctions regarding the intercourse with people of other creeds evince already a narrow-minded bigotry and a deep fanatical hatred.
A Sikh is not even to salute one, who is not a Sikh, otherwise he is an apostate and accursed by God. Who bows
his head to one, who wears a cap {i.e. a Muhammadan) or shaves his head {i.e. a Hindu), is doubtless worthy of hell.'’ He is not even to place a piece of cloth or anything belonging to a Muhammadan on his head, otherwise he will suffer many deaths.® A true Sikh should always be engaged in war with the Muhammadans and slay them, fighting them face to face; it is his duty to destroy the enemies of his faith,’ and to help in the diffusion of the money, set aside for the Guru, is put), talks falsehood with his month. Who, acknowledging the vow of an offering of taxes, steals (them) : such a disciple is not pleasing to the Guru.” Compare also Nand LaFs Rahitnama, p. 3, 24.
' The Rahit-nama of Nand Lai (p. 6, 46) has the further injunction : “.Do not listen to any calumny respecting the Guru, and he who speaks ill of the Guru, must be killed with a sword.” In this way the infallibility of the Guru could easily be kept up."
- Ernest Trumpp, "The Adi Granth: Or The Holy Scriptures Of The Sikhs" (1877)
Source: "Adi Granth: Or The Holy Scriptures Of The
Sikhs" (1877)
While Trumpp was the "Brutalist" who insulted the Gurus openly, Frederic Pincott was the "Academic" who used a softer tone to achieve the same result.
The Shared Lie: Like Trumpp, Pincott's work Sikhism in Its Relation to Muhammadanism attempts to frame Sikhism as a derivative "subset" rather than a sovereign revelation.
The "Independent Thinker"
Echo: By repeating the idea that Guru Nanak was simply reacting to existing influences (like Kabir or Islam), Pincott was helping to build the case that the British had the right to "reform" or "update" the faith into the Soldier-Making machine.
The Sabotage: In his 1885 work, Sikhism in Its Relation to
Muhammadanism, he argued that Sikhism was essentially a "subset" of Islam and Hinduism—denying its sovereign Sanatan Source Code.
The "Triad" Evidence (The Big Blow-Up)
Pincott is the bridge between Trumpp’s hate and Macauliffe’s
sanitisation
Trumpp (1877): Insulted the Gurus as "derivative."
Pincott (1885): Softened the insult into an academic theory of "influence," making it more palatable for the Sikh elite to accept.
Macauliffe (1909): Finalised the job by turning the "influenced" religion into a loyal Soldier-Making machine for the Crown.
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